Accurate and definitive bacterial identification is essential for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infection, and trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections. Bacterial identification is used in a wide variety of applications including microbial forensics, criminal investigations, bio-terrorism threats, and environmental studies.
Techniques include:
- Conventional methods – Biochemical tests
- Antibody-based methods
- Nucleic acid-based methods – PCR, Southern blot, nucleic acid hybridization, RFLP, DNA fingerprinting
- Automated microbial identification methods
- DNA barcoding
- Other methods – Phage typing, Flow cytometry, SDS
Bacterial Identification by Biochemical tests
Primary test
- Morphology
- Gram’s staining/Acid fastness
- Spores
- Motility
- The ability to grow in the air
- Ability to grow in the anaerobic conditions
- Catalase test
- Oxidase test
- Oxidation –Fermentation test
Secondary Tests
- Acetylmethylcarbinol production (VP) test
- Bile solubility test
- CAMP test
- Carbohydrate breakdown test
- Carbon sources test
- Chitinolytic test, Coagulase test
- Decarboxylase test
- Denitrification test
- Deoxyribonuclease test
- Gelatin hydrolysis test
- Haemolysin production test
- Hippurate hydrlysis test
- Hydrogen sulfide production test
- Indole test, Malonate test
- Methyl red (MR) test, O/129 sensitivity test
- ONPG test, Urease activity test
- Tween 20/80 hydrolysis test
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